ORA-01078 ORA-29701: unable to connect to Cluster Synchronization Service

SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-29701: unable to connect to Cluster Synchronization Service
SQL>

$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
$ cd bin
$ ./crsctl status resource ora.cssd
NAME=ora.cssd
TYPE=ora.cssd.type
TARGET=ONLINE
STATE=OFFLINE

$ ./crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....DATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE    OFFLINE
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    nsml...db01
ora....DATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE    OFFLINE
ora....DATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE    OFFLINE
ora.asm        ora.asm.type   OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.cssd       ora.cssd.type  ONLINE    OFFLINE
ora.diskmon    ora....on.type OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.evmd       ora.evm.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    nsml...db01
ora.ons        ora.ons.type   OFFLINE   OFFLINE
$ ./crsctl start resource ora.asm
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on '*****'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on '*****'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on '*****' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on '*****' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on '*****'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on '*****' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.*****.dg' on '*****'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.*****.dg' on '*****'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.*****.dg' on '*****'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.*****.dg' on '*****' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.*****.dg' on '*****' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.*****.dg' on '*****' succeeded
$ sqlplus '/as sysasm'

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Jun 11 08:58:46 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option

SQL>